Abstract: The national data infrastructure serves as the key carrier for the circulation and utilization of data elements throughout their entire life cycle. It plays a strategic role in promoting the aggregation, sharing, security, and efficient use of data resources. From the perspective of value release of data elements, this paper systematically analyzes the functional and institutional requirements for the national data infrastructure. It is proposed that the national data infrastructure should provide support in all stages of data elements value realization, including "creation of use value—mining of application value—release of multiple values". Furthermore, this paper constructs a three-dimensional organizational system of "region—industry—enterprise" and an operational mechanism that includes "one core, two pillars, and two safeguards." This builds a comprehensive system for the construction and operation of national data infrastructure, covering the entire data element chain across platforms and hierarchical levels. Additionally, safeguard measures for the innovation of the construction and operation system mechanism are proposed from the dimensions of technological innovation, institutional construction, and ecological collaboration. This study provides theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting the high-quality development of national data infrastructure in China and accelerating the release of data element value.

Key words: National data infrastructure, Data elements, Value release, System and mechanism, Construction and operation