Abstract: This paper investigates the scientific open process of research funding institutions, analyzes the challenges faced by research funding institutions in the transition from open access to open science, and provides reference suggestions for research funding institutions to promote the sound development of open science.Through the method of network investigation, literature research, time series analysis and inductive analysis, this paper traces the policy practices of open access and open science of research funding institutions, and analyzes the evolution relationship between the two on this basis, and comprehensively analyzes the development of research funding institutions from open access to open science policy choices, facing challenges and coping strategies. Open access is the foundation of open science, and open science is the sublimation and expansion of open access. In the process of transition to open science, research funding institutions in various countries have combined various factors to make different choices such as firm practice, active support, or staying on the sidelines. In the future, they will also need to adopt different countermeasures to meet challenges.

Key words: Open access, Open science, Research funding institution, Open science policy, Open data