关键词: 隐私政策, 诱导同意, 扎根理论, K-BERT, 网络分析, 序列模式挖掘

Abstract: Analyzing privacy policies from the user’s perspective to understand the tendency for induced consent is beneficial in helping users identify unfair terms and providing regulatory authorities with guidance to standardize app privacy policies. This study uses grounded theory to examine the tendency of induced consent in privacy policies from the user’s perspective and develops a coding system for such tendencies. After manually annotating the corpus, we trained a K-BERT model using semi-supervised learning to achieve the automated identification of statements with a tendency to induce consent within privacy policies. Moreover, further network analysis and sequence pattern mining were conducted to explore the characteristics and underlying patterns of user consent induction in privacy policies. Empirical analysis reveals that user opportunity costs, privacy management costs, and fuzzy concepts are central to the network of inducing dimensions. Fuzzy concepts and responsibility-shifting statements play a crucial role in the patterned inductive writing of privacy policies, usually appearing densely following other unfair statements. Furthermore, the study identifies significant differences in the features of induced consent between the children's domain and other domains. Some common features exist among privacy policies across specific domains, potentially linked to similarities in service delivery and business logic.

Key words: Privacy policy, Induced consent, Grounded theory, K-BERT, Network analysis, Sequential pattern mining